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Question: Describe about the design and production of electronic device. Answer: 1. Introduction- Mobile phones are most commonly used electronic product in the modern market. It helps in connecting the people. There are various electronics products available in the market such as, television, refrigerator and mobile phones. They help to meet the needs of the people. Mobile phones help the people to get connected with each other. Television entertains the people. Refrigerator is used to keep the vegetables fresh. Thus, electronic devices are bearing various features which make them important in the daily life of the human being. The functions of electronic devices are discussed below- Automation in work Work Accuracy The characteristics of electronic devices are- Quick performance of work Accuracy in work Use of electricity rather than man power. Simplification of work Less consumption of time Improvement in the efficiency of work. Thus, there are various advantages of electronic devices in todays modern world. Some of the examples of electronic devices that has made the work simple and comfortable are fans, mixer grinder, air conditioner, etc. 2. Customer Satisfaction- It is necessary to develop an effective plan of change and to implement it. It is the involvement of managers and employees with the extent of co creation and involvement of them in depth towards the change of the electronic device. The external stakeholders of the business are the customers. Their involvement is measured with the help of various approaches such as simulation, testing and the interventions through pivots, etc, Stakeholders are involved in the change plan to the extent of their selling. Various channels are used to keep them informed about the change so made. 2.1. Stakeholder Analysis- The ten Stakeholders that expect from the electronic devices are discussed below- The manufacturer who manufactures the electronic devices expects that the raw materials should be made readily available for their production. It should be able to meet the cost. The Wholesaler who sells the products and is the intermediary for reaching the product in the market. They, expect the product should be capable enough to be sold in the market. Product should meet the needs. The retailer is the seller of the electronic devices at retail level. He should see that products are readily sold in the open market. Products should meet the needs of the large number of people. The customers who are purchasing the electronic devices expect that they should satisfy their needs. The product should stand up to their expectation. General Public expects complete about the product. They want to know the features of the product available in the market. The user is the one who uses the electronic device. He expects that the devices are as per their needs. They expect that device should be able to satisfy their want. The technician is the one who test the electronic devices. He expects that the devices are safely made and will not cause any harm to the life of the users. The demonstrator expects that the product is as per the demo shown by him. He expects he has the complete knowledge of the product. The workers who are working on the products expect that the products are safe to work upon and are well tested. Any other stakeholder who is directly or indirectly related with the electronic devices expect that their use should be safe and should be able to give customer satisfaction. (Six-Sigma-Material.com, 2016) 2.2. Capturing the Customer Needs- The four methods of capturing the customer needs are- Identifying the customer. Who they exactly are. These customers can be internal or external. Each customer is having their own need. SIPOC can be used as a tool in the same. Collect is the collection of the needs of the customers. This includes the conduct of survey, service level agreement copy, etc. Survey, market research and interviews can be used as the tool in the same. Comparison of the information so collected in order to decide on the best one. Analyse is the examination of the information so compared in order to make them relevant with the project. It includes the qualitative as well as quantitative survey. Thus, it can be accordingly decided whether the need of the customer should be segmented to a group or not. Segmentation and Affinity diagram can be used in the same. In a translate, requirements that are analysed are turned into a meaningful data through tolerances as well as specification. Kano Analysis and CTS trees are used as the tool. Electronic devices need to be operated in the different parts of the world. Thus, it has become essential for the electronic devices to consider various factors that are necessary for the purpose of expansion. Prior objective of electronic devices is to achieve optimum satisfaction and maximum customer satisfaction. Thus, the electronic devices ensures the completion of 91% of target in order to reach to the maximum point of performance. With proper building up of the strategies the performance of the electronic devices can be improved and it also helps in the optimum performance of the electronic device. The important strategy of the electronic device is to deliver its services among the large number of customers. Such services are delivered in a systematic way to the different categories of customers. This will help to spread its services all over. 2.3. Customer Needs Analysis (Kano Analysis)- Translate phase can be taken which include kano analysis. The above is the diagram of kano analysis. The 25 customer needs are as follows- 10 wants of the customers with regards to the electronic devices are as follows- The product should be cheaper Electronic device should be able to complete the work within a short span of time It should be accurate Simple to use It should meet the comfort level of the customers It should be efficient in performance It should be good at quality It should provide them maximum satisfaction It should be able to save their time It should preserve the energy. 10 musts of the customers with regards to the electronic devices are- The cost of the product should be less The quality of the electronic device should be high The product should be safe The product should be able to meet the comfort. It should be able to save the time of the customer It should be able to save the money of the customers It should consume less energy It should be eco friendly It should meet the needs efficiently It should be accurate in devoting its performance. 5 desirables of the customers with regards to the electronic devices are Electronic devices are safe at use Electronic devices are consuming the electricity They are good to nature Electronic devices are less expensive Electronic devices also helps to save the time of the customer as the work is done very speedily. The value chain model in the strategic change management of the Electronic device electronic device includes the following- A system of personnel management- It includes open management which includes the autonomy and employees creativity. This helps to enhance the efficiency and increases the competitiveness. Electronic device is following the management policy of people first. Regional specialists are involved in bringing up the emerging market. A system of design and marketing is playing an important role in the success of Electronic device electronic device. Electronic device strongly focuses on the customers by understanding their needs and by satisfying them. It continuously interacts with its user. It is continuously launching new products and entering into new market. Management is based on the quality. It focuses mainly on the technology resources. It is linked up with the technology and the human. Because of the emergence of flat screen TV and the mobile phone, Electronic device is competing with the leading companies, Apple and Sony. A system of Hybrid Management adopted American style of system. Innovative strategies are developed with the help of successful modeling. Various services are provided in order to improve the business value. It is following the American style of HR and Japanese style in the management of operation. Innovative techniques help to bring competency in the electronic device. Effective strategy involves the talent acquisition and the talent deployment. Research was carried out. Strategy was built up for the development of services and to fulfil the needs of the purchasing process and the decentralization of bases of the purchasing process. There is a need for simplifying the procedure of the purchasing process, to delegate the authority in order to comply with the strategic plan at both interior level and the state level. The ideas and work experience are considered. Goals of the research are the implementation of new mechanism in the process of purchase by the purchasing department. To mandate the purchasing authority with the regional leader. The Electronic device are having good scope in Purchase. Proper recording and maintenance of invoices helps to keep them for future records. (Six-Sigma-Material.com, 2016) 3. Design Requirements- 3.1. Translating Customer Needs into design requirements (QFD)- The minimum 10 design requirements using the quality function deployment method are as follows- Requirement of customers- It is the identification of the price of the market and the analysis of the process. Information is gathered from the customers on their requirements. Affinity diagram and the tree diagram are used to evaluate the data. Requirements that are regulatory- Documents requirements will be dictated and the standard that are regulatory will adhere to. (Institute, 2016) Rating importance to customers- The rating is done by the customers on the scale of 1 to 5. Competition on customer ratings- It will be the competitive advantage to rate the competition. It is the rating of the products based on the competition. House of quality can include remodeling. Complaints of the customers, improvement in the goals and the opportunities of the sale can be added in it. Descriptor that are technical- Descriptors that are technical can be measured against the competition. Measurements are made to meet the needs of the customers. Improvement direction- for the movement direction of the descriptor, strong determination is made. (Npd-solutions.com, 2016) Relationship matrix is determining the needs of the customers and the ability of the customers to meet those needs. The relationship strength between the needs of customers and the technical descriptor. Difficulty in the organisation shall include the rating of the design attribute. There may be conflict between some of the attributes. Stock holding of the electronic device may be in conflict with the number of sizes. Competitor products technical analysis is about understanding the competition and a conduct of technical descriptor. Technical descriptor target value is achieved for each of descriptor by the QFD team. It can be the base line of the complaint made. (Brian C. McDaniel, 2016) There are various models used in the current economy- Generic Value chain model which includes old capability advantage and the new capability advantage. The capabilities are divided into the various departments- Design, research and development, distribution, marketing and the supply chain. Again it is sub divided into Engineer and designers as well as advertisers and the hire of best resources. Professional training becomes essential as the electronic device is trying to increase its business. (Mddionline.com, 2016) It is necessary to give suitable training to the employees of the electronic device to increase their productivity. It is necessary that the employees should have deep knowledge about the products. There are two market economies one is the liberal and the another one is the co ordinate which focuses on the expansion of business of the electronic device. Liberal market economies involve the more interference of the government which hampers the growth of the electronic device. The Electronic devices goal is to provide high quality products as well as services. Success of the electronic device depends upon the inter firm co operation as well as interaction. Products so produced are sold to the people. It is necessary to create awareness of the product in order to sell them more. Electronic device products are commonly used by the people. Satisfying the customers, expansion and making up of profit are some of the important objectives of the business. It is necessary for the electronic device to make estimations on expansion. If there is increase in the number of customers there will be increase in profitability of the electronic device. Customers purchase the products at cheaper rate. (Sebelius, 2014) 3.2. Design Risk Analysis (FMEA) Cross functional areas are assembled showing the knowledge about the needs of the customers, their services and the products. It functions include the sales, marketing and the quality. FMEA scope need to be identified. It is to be identified for the design, process and the system. The identification information of the FMEA form need to be filled out. (Sebelius, 2014) The scope functions need to be identified. The purpose of the product and services are identified. Scope is break down into various sub systems and parts. Identification of the way in which the failures can occur. It is the mode of potential failures. (Brian C. McDaniel, 2016) 4. Supplier Selection and Evaluation- 4.1. Identifying the components- The ten major components of the products that can be sourced from the suppliers are- Part of the products The component of the electronic device that has been failed and is not readily available in the market. Hard to find components insufficient stock Bankruptcy vanishes the supplier of the component from the business. Natural calamities result into scarcity of the components. Regulations on the environment such as ROHS (Procurementmanagement.pressbooks.com, 2016) In order to qualify the suppliers, international standard reports are available. Clear setting up of the expectations and the requirements Competitive price availability and delivery becomes possible. Compliance with the various regulatory framework and the friendliness of the environment. (Cwu.edu, 2016) 4.2. Developing the supplier selection criteria- The part of the electronic device such as the ICE chip In this case, the supplier should be known for his quality performance He should be able to offer the discount He is known for the particular component in the market The timeliness in providing the services The accuracy in the services Services are provided in a more efficient manner He is competitive in the market as far as the quality is concerned He is reliable for that component in the market After the hitting up of the growth rate, supplier is tapped into Major contributions are made to the product by the supplier causing innovation. 4.3. Constructing and using a supplier selection system- The selection of the supplier shall depend upon certain criteria- Supplier A- Proper finances are available, Innovation techniques are used in the supplies, Quality in the supply is maintained, and timeliness in providing the services and the competitiveness is provided in the services. Supplier B- Finance are not much available, innovation techniques are not much in use, quality in the supply is not much maintained, there is not much timeliness in providing the services and there is not much competitiveness provided in the services. Supplier C- Services are provided at a cheaper rate, supplier is more reliable, quality is maintained in providing the services, cost is not much high of the goods supply and there is proper allocation of time in the supply. 4.4. Conclusion- Thus, it is clear from the above that various points are considered for the selection of the supplier. The selection of the supplier depends upon various criteria. Time, quality, accuracy and reliability matters a lot in the selection of the supplier. (Anon, 2016) 5. Statistical Process Control- 5.1. Identifying the process- The processes that can be used in producing the electronic devices are- Several action encompassing the design services after the determination of the customers specification taking place. Testing is used after completing a product run. It shall include the laboratory testing, compliance testing, etc. Manufacturing of the different products. It include the through hole technology where the component is mounted based on the holes that are drilled in the board Surface mount technology are less expensive and are soldered on the top of the board. Micro electric include the manufacture of chip on the board. Optoelectronic include the controlling, detecting of the light. Wireless devices used in the tele communication and transfer of data application. Prototype is the follow of design shape with the testing up of the product concept. Specification of the production volume. It includes medium, low and high volume. (Anon, 2016) 5.2. Monitoring process using SPC charts- X bar chart- Continuously scaled variables are considered. It is taken on any value. It is measured on specific interval. Value between 1 and 10 can be considered over here. Statistical control of measurement is there. There is hardly any random variation in the process. X bar shows the measurement of sample. X bar values are represented by a line on a chart. R chart- Central tendency is expressed through X bar, whereas, each sample variance within an overtime control is expressed through R chart. In the R chart, points plotted will be the R, mean will be the central line on the R bar. The B factor will be the upper control limit. The C factor on the R bar will be the lower control limit. P chart- P value is plotted on the p chart. The p chart centre line will be the series of p value. The above and below the centre line will be the control limit. It can be calculated with the following equation- UCLp = pbar + zp (Asq.org, 2016) C Chart- It contains the attributes that are calculated without the size of the sample. Various range of defects are counted. C bar is the centre line where there average of the C values are shown. LCLc = pbar z c Control chart is used to determine the business process through a statistical control. 5.3. Constructing and using a SPC chart- For Testing is used after completing a product run. It shall include the laboratory testing, compliance testing, etc. UCLp = pbar + zp LCLp = p bar + zp Where the sigma p bar = 0.657 and control limit UCL = 0.258 and LCL = 0.256 day late p 1 20 0.1 2 10 0.5 3 10 0.17 4 14 0.25 5 10 0.19 6 14 0.23 7 15 0.25 p-bar 1.69 6. Problem Solving- 6.1. Identifying the problems and problem solving tools- The problems that are faced while using the products and services are- There are faulty in the use of the electronic chip Failure in one of the component of the electronic device There is time consuming process involved in the use of the electronic device Device is not safely made More energy is consumed by the electronic device. (Asq.org, 2016) The seven tools of quality are as follows- Control chart, scatter diagram, histogram, check sheet, cause and effect relationship diagram, pareto chart and the stratification. 6.2. Constructing and using the problem solving tools- There are faulty in the use of the electronic chip Cause effect diagram is used to show the fish like shape of the defects that are prevailing in the environment, methods and machines. C chart showing the quality characteristics. It shows the graphical performance of UCL, LCL and CL. Histogram that shows the graphical representation of frequency in the form of bar. In a Scatter diagram, quality characteristic of the defect in electronic device is shown through dots. References- Asq.org. (2016).Problem Solving Steps Process - Learning Resources | ASQ. Brian C. McDaniel, M. (2016).Statistical Process Control (SPC) Tutorial. Services.byu.edu. (2016).Statistical Process Control (SPC) Analysis: Control Charts. Six-Sigma-Material.com. (2016).SPC Charts - Statistical Process Control Charts. Mddionline.com. (2016). Sebelius, P. (2014).FMEA and Risk management according to ISO 14971. Npd-solutions.com. (2016).Customer-Focused Development With QFD. Procurementmanagement.pressbooks.com. (2016).Supplier selection and evaluation | BLC 304/05 Procurement Management.